India

__**British Imperialism in India **__ **A**. Beginning in the 1600s, British interest and influence in India grew steadily, and by the late 1850s, Great Britain had consolidated its rule in a large part of the country.
 * __Main Ideas__ **
 * B**. Even as India became the centerpiece of the British Empire, nationalism was growing and would eventually lead to Indian independence.


 * __Vocab Words__ **
 * __maharajah__
 * King or prince who ruled an Indian state
 * __raj__
 * the British domination of India between 1757 and 1947
 * __sepoys__
 * a native born soldier in the Indian army

= = =**__A. Controlling India__**=


 * __India__**
 * surface area was 1/3 of the U.S.
 * 16 major languages and 100’s of others
 * Home to major six religions
 * Not unified, each state ruled by __maharajah (__ King or prince who ruled an Indian state)


 * __The East India Company__**
 * __1500s__
 * Portuguese and Dutch led European exploration of South Asia and East Indies
 * __1600__
 * A group of British investors founded the East India company for the purpose of conducting trade
 * __17th Century__
 * British established factories and then permanent settlements at three strategic locations in present day India
 * Madras
 * Southeast
 * Bombay
 * West
 * Calcutta
 * East
 * (Eventually Delhi)
 * North
 * __Mughals__
 * Much of northern India was under their control
 * Akbar
 * Emperor
 * 1556-1605
 * Powerful
 * Huge Income
 * Died in 1707
 * Empire went into decline after his death
 * This encouraged the British to strengthen their presence on the Indian subcontinent
 * __1757__
 * Robert Clive
 * Officer of East India Company
 * Took advantage of Mughal decline
 * His troops met Indian forces in Battle of Plassey in Bengal and drove the French trading company out of their region
 * East India Company now controlled almost the entire eastern region of India


 * __British Control of India__**
 * 1) British were worried about activities of East India Company and their power
 * 2) Unified three main company posts (Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras)
 * 3) This required the company to get permission from British government officials before undertaking any political activities
 * 4) Final Act of Control: Parliament named a single chief administrator to control British India
 * __19th century__
 * Great Britain steadily expanded its control of Britain
 * __Raj__
 * The British domination of India between 1757 and 1947
 * Translates to “king”
 * __Lord Dalhousie__
 * Most dynamic administrator of India
 * Governor general from 1848- 1856
 * Wanted to modernize India
 * “3 great engines of social improvement…railways, uniform postage, and the electric telegraph.”
 * 1) This reinforced the links betweens the 3 leading British cities
 * 2) This allowed the British to move troops quickly
 * __Indian Civil Service was created__
 * Entrance was gained by achieving a high score on an exam
 * By the 1800’s native Indians became officials

= = =**__B. The Jewel in the Crown__**=


 * __1800s:__**
 * India under the British raj was the largest colonial territory in the world
 * Most important possession (jewel in the crown)


 * __Indians Fight for Independence__**
 * Indians were mad that outsiders controlled their country
 * Under control of East India Company
 * 80% of troops were __sepoys__ (a native born soldier in the Indian army)
 * Indians rebelled
 * New type of rifle- required soldiers to bite the ends of bullet cartridges
 * Cartridges have cow and pig fat
 * Outraged sepoys
 * Hindus- cows are sacred
 * Muslims- don't eat pork
 * Refused to load new rifles
 * Punished by British commanders
 * Troops rebel- Sepoy Mutiny/First War of Independence
 * 1857 and Meerut
 * Lasted over a year
 * Britain won, transferred all rights of East India Company to Britain
 * Maharajahs left in charge of states
 * British protectorates
 * __Indians Under the Raj__**
 * Britain government made allies with Native Indian rulers
 * Didn't interfere with everyday life in India
 * Social contact was limited
 * Educated Indians believed...
 * British were holding India back from industrialization
 * They were stripping the country of its natural resources
 * __1835__
 * English is made the language of education and government in India
 * Unified the country
 * Gave Indians a chance to gain western education
 * __End of the 19th Century__
 * New generation of Indian leaders
 * Industry flourished
 * Jamshed N. Tata- made a fortune in cotton, sons would dominate iron, steel, and motor vehicles
 * __The Indian National Congress__**
 * Education led to independence
 * __1885__
 * Indian national congress founded in Bombay (mostly Hindus)
 * Played a critical role in India's drive for independence
 * __Mohandas K. Gandhi__
 * Left India to study law in london
 * Went to South Africa for 20 years
 * Fought for civil rights of Indian laborers working in South Africa
 * Felt like they were slaves
 * Most eloquent spokesperson for independence in India from Great Britain
 * Achieved goals with nonviolent measures.

This photo shows how the British were controlling India with imperialism, because he is in front of the other people, and seems to be commanding them in some way. Also, the British soldier was in nice clothes, and on horseback, while the Indian people had less fortunate conditions, which shows how the British were superior to the Indian people.
 * [[image:http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/csl0279l.jpg align="center" caption="external image csl0279l.jpg"]]

The Indian Maharajah, who represents India, is giving the British queen, who represents Great Britain, the crown which represents Great Britain's attention. Great Britain is now paying more attention to Indian territories (the new crown) instead of Great Britain (the old crown).


 * Quiz 1:**

1. India is home to _ major religion(s). 2. Who was the emperor of the Mughals from 1556-1605?
 * a. four
 * b. two
 * c. six
 * d. one

3. What is a maharajah?

4. Who was the officer of the East India Company that met Indian forces in the Battle of Plassey in Bengal?

5. What change in India was made in 1835?


 * Quiz 2:**

1. What were the three leading British cities and what did they have in common?

2. What is a raj?

3. What was the result of the three engines of social improvement?

4. What were sepoys and why did they mutiny?

5. What did Gandhi fight for in South Africa?